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Case study65 minutesLesson 12 of 24

What your company is actually optimising for

Two teams are both certain they are doing the right thing, and their work directly cancels out. Nobody is wrong. Nobody has read the same goal.

North star, OKR and health metric are three different things

The visual field guide

A goal has three different jobs

  1. North star: Lasting user value
  2. Quarterly OKR: Change this quarter
  3. Health metric: Protect this baseline
An OKR moves the product toward the north star while the guardrail limits harm.

The north star is the one number that means the product is working. OKRs are what you will move this quarter. Health metrics are the ones you never want to move at all.

Confusing them is the most common metrics mistake in product, and it is what produces two teams whose work cancels out.

Work through it

A team can agree that a feature is useful and still choose not to build it. Your proposal needs to explain which current outcome it supports and what it would displace.

Use your chosen course project throughout. The additional examples below are fictional practice cases; transfer the method to your own evidence.

Translate a goal into behavior

“Grow” is not enough to guide a choice. Ask which customer behavior needs to change, for which population, and by when. Distinguish a measurable outcome from a deliverable: launching a dashboard is work completed; helping more eligible users finish a valuable task is a change in behavior.

Find the limiting step

Trace how your team's work could influence the outcome. If the current constraint is unreliable data import, polishing a report may not help users reach value. This is a hypothesis about the system, so write down what evidence would contradict it. Team ownership does not automatically mean team causality.

Name the sacrifice

A strategy matters when it changes a choice. Write what the team will delay or decline while pursuing this outcome. Include a guardrail so a local win does not cause a larger loss. A shorter signup flow that creates more unusable accounts may improve one chart while damaging the actual experience.

The visual field guide

Make the goal actionable

  1. Outcome: Whose behavior?
  2. Constraint: What blocks it?
  3. Bet: What will change?
  4. Guardrail: What must not worsen?
Make the goal actionable. Apply this sequence to your own project; it is a conceptual guide, not measured data.

Doing it with AI, and where it breaks

The move

Give a model your company's stated goals and ask where two of them would conflict in practice, with a concrete example of a decision that would satisfy one and damage the other.

The trap

It will find polite theoretical tensions. Push for a specific decision on a specific screen, otherwise it is a management platitude rather than a finding.

Your AI workbench

Start with your own notes or clearly labelled practice data. Remove private details before sharing. Replace the placeholders, run the prompt in your chosen AI tool, and keep the output beside its source.

Prompt worth stealing

Here are the stated goals, evidence, and proposed work [paste]. Separate outcomes from outputs. Map each proposal to a behavior change and identify unsupported causal links. Suggest one guardrail and one item to defer. Ask for missing priorities instead of inventing leadership intent.

Before you use the output

  • The outcome names a population and window
  • The proposal addresses a plausible constraint
  • The deferred work and guardrail are explicit
Stuck? Try this next

When AI produces a generic strategy statement, require it to compare two actual backlog items and explain what new evidence would reverse its recommendation.

Keep a brief AI log: input used, useful output, what you checked, and what you rejected. The decision remains yours.

Build it

The artefact

A one page map of your company's real goal hierarchy, with one conflict named.

0/4

Checkpoint

If you did the build, these take two minutes. If you cannot answer one of them, that is the part to go back to.

Moving on marks this lesson complete. Finish the build first, it is the part that counts.

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